Diverticular disease is caused by small bulges in the large intestine (diverticula) developing and becoming inflamed. If any of the diverticula become infected, this leads to symptoms of diverticulitis. The exact reason why diverticula develops is not known, but they are associated with several factors, including:
- Low-fiber diet: A diet that is low in fiber and high in fat and processed foods can increase the risk of diverticulitis by leading to constipation and straining during bowel movements. This can cause increased pressure in the colon, which can lead to the formation of diverticula.
- Aging: As people age, the muscles in the colon become weaker, which can increase the risk of diverticulitis.
- Genetics: Some studies have suggested that a genetic predisposition to diverticulitis may exist, although more research is needed to confirm this.
- Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of diverticulitis by leading to constipation and other gastrointestinal problems.
- Smoking: Smoking has been shown to increase the risk of diverticulitis, and may also increase the severity of symptoms.
- Obesity. Being seriously overweight increases your odds of developing diverticulitis.
- Having a history of constipation
- Diet high in animal fat and low in fiber. A low-fiber diet in combination with a high intake of animal fat seems to increase risk, although the role of low fiber alone isn’t clear.
- Certain medications. Several drugs are associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis, including steroids, opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve).
Other factors
Scientists are studying other factors that may play a role in diverticular disease. These factors include
- bacteria or stool getting caught in a pouch in your colon
- changes in the microbiome of the intestines
- problems with connective tissue, muscles, or nerves in your colon
- problems with the immune system
It’s important to keep in mind that multiple factors can contribute to the development of diverticulitis, and that the exact cause may vary from person to person. If you have diverticulitis, it’s important to work with your healthcare provider to determine the factors that may be contributing to your condition, and to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses those factors.