Bulimia is a mental disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (vomiting, laxative use, excessive exercise, etc.) or fasting. The exact cause of bulimia is not known, but a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, dieting, personality traits and environmental factors are likely to play a role.
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors refer to the inherited characteristics that may increase a person’s likelihood of developing bulimia. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of eating disorders, such as bulimia, are more likely to develop the disorder themselves. This suggests that there may be certain genes that make a person more susceptible to developing bulimia. However, it’s important to note that genetics is not the only factor and other factors also play a role.
Biological Factors
Biological factors refer to the physical and physiological mechanisms that may contribute to the development of bulimia. One biological theory is that individuals with bulimia may have imbalances in certain brain chemicals, such as serotonin, which regulates appetite and mood. Studies have also found that individuals with bulimia may have an abnormal response to the hormone ghrelin, which increases hunger, and leptin, which reduces hunger, which may lead to disordered eating patterns. Additionally, research also suggests that individuals with Bulimia Nervosa may have a higher level of stress hormone cortisol which may also play a role in the development of the disorder.
Psychological Factors
Bulimia nervosa is associated with specific behavioral pathology, including:
- Prior mental health diagnosis.
- History of abuse or trauma.
- Negative body image or self image.
- Impaired emotion regulation and distress tolerance capabilities.
- Poor self-esteem.
- Engaging in a career or hobby focused on physical appearance.
Dieting Factors
Development of bulimia nervosa is closely associated with a history of dieting and engagement in diet culture behaviors, some of which include:
- Dissatisfaction with body weight/shape/size.
- Negative self-view related to appearance.
- Any history of dieting behaviors.
- Any history of engaging in restricting and bingeing cycles.
- Overvaluation of eurocentric beauty ideals.
- Core beliefs equating fulfillment with appearance.
Personality traits
Some research suggests that certain personality traits, such as perfectionism and impulsivity, may increase the risk of developing bulimia.
Environmental Factors
Additionally, societal pressure to conform to a certain body shape and size may also contribute to the development of the disorder.