Bulimia nervosa

By | April 3, 2025
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Bulimia Nervosa: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Overview

Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise, or using laxatives. This condition affects individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds, but is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults.

In the United States, bulimia nervosa is estimated to affect 1-1.5% of women and 0.1% of men during their lifetime. While the exact prevalence may vary, it is considered a relatively common eating disorder.

2. Symptoms

Common symptoms:

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating
  • Feelings of being out of control during binges
  • Purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
  • Excessive exercise
  • Using laxatives or diuretics

Less common symptoms:

  • Swollen glands in the neck and jaw area
  • Tooth decay and erosion from stomach acid exposure
  • Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
  • Digestive issues

Symptoms of bulimia nervosa can progress over time if not addressed, leading to severe physical and emotional consequences. Early warning signs may include frequent trips to the bathroom after meals, secretive behavior around food, and changes in weight or appearance.

3. Causes & Risk Factors

The exact causes of bulimia nervosa are complex and may involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Individuals with a family history of eating disorders or mental health conditions may be at a higher risk of developing bulimia. Gender, age, dieting behavior, and societal pressures can also contribute to the development of the disorder.

4. Diagnosis

Diagnosing bulimia nervosa typically involves a physical exam, psychological evaluation, and laboratory tests to rule out other medical conditions. Primary care doctors may refer patients to specialized mental health professionals such as psychiatrists or psychologists for further assessment and treatment.

5. Treatment Options

Treatment for bulimia nervosa often involves a combination of medical therapies, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modifications. Medications such as antidepressants may be prescribed to help manage symptoms, while cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy are commonly used to address underlying emotional issues.

6. Prevention

Preventing bulimia nervosa involves promoting positive body image, healthy eating habits, and stress management techniques. Regular screenings for eating disorders and early intervention in at-risk individuals can help prevent the development of bulimia. Public health initiatives focusing on body positivity and mental health awareness play a crucial role in prevention efforts.

7. Complications & When to See a Doctor

Complications of bulimia nervosa can be severe and include electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, digestive issues, and dental problems. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know is showing signs of bulimia, such as frequent binge eating or purging behaviors.

8. Living with the Condition

Living with bulimia nervosa requires ongoing management and support. Daily tips for managing the disorder may include keeping a food diary, attending therapy sessions, and seeking support from friends and family. In the United States, there are various support groups and resources available for individuals struggling with eating disorders.

9. FAQs

Q: Can bulimia nervosa be cured?
A: While there is no definitive cure for bulimia, treatment can help individuals manage symptoms and live a healthier life.

Q: Is bulimia nervosa only seen in women?
A: No, bulimia can affect individuals of any gender, although it is more commonly reported in women.

10. Sources & References

This article was written using information from reputable sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mayo Clinic, and National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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Complete Guide to NSFAS Online Loan Application for South African Students (2025)

If you are a South African student looking to pursue higher education but are facing financial difficulties, the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is one of the most accessible funding options available. NSFAS provides financial aid in the form of bursaries and loans to qualifying students at public universities and TVET colleges in South Africa.

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the NSFAS loan application process, from eligibility requirements to application steps and frequently asked questions.

📌 What is NSFAS?

The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a government-funded financial aid scheme aimed at helping students from low- and middle-income households to access tertiary education without the burden of upfront fees.

NSFAS offers both bursaries and income-contingent loans:

  • Bursaries: For eligible students who meet academic and household income criteria (especially for TVET and university students).
  • Loans: For students who do not meet all bursary criteria or who are pursuing postgraduate qualifications not funded under bursary schemes.

✅ Who Qualifies for an NSFAS Loan?

To qualify for an NSFAS loan (especially for postgraduate students or programs not funded under the bursary system), you must:

  • Be a South African citizen.
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  • Be enrolled or accepted to study at a public university or TVET college.
  • Not be funded through another bursary program that covers all expenses.
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📚 Courses Funded by NSFAS

NSFAS primarily funds undergraduate qualifications, but certain postgraduate programs (e.g., PGCE, postgraduate diplomas in education, and professional courses like LLB) may be considered under the NSFAS loan scheme, not bursaries.

If you’re studying:

  • Undergraduate degree or diploma: You are likely eligible for a full NSFAS bursary.
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📄 Required Documents for NSFAS Application

When applying, make sure you have the following documents scanned and ready:

  1. Certified copy of your South African ID or Smart Card.
  2. Parent(s) or guardian(s) ID documents.
  3. Proof of income (latest payslips, UIF, or affidavit if unemployed).
  4. Consent Form signed by your parent(s)/guardian(s) to allow NSFAS to verify income.
  5. Proof of registration or acceptance at a public institution.
  6. Academic transcripts (for continuing or postgraduate students).

🖥️ How to Apply for an NSFAS Loan Online

Step-by-Step NSFAS Online Application Process (2025)

  1. Visit the NSFAS Website

    Go to: https://www.nsfas.org.za

  2. Create an Account

    • Click on “MyNSFAS” and register your profile.
    • You’ll need a valid email address and South African cellphone number.
    • Choose a strong password and verify your account via email or SMS.

  3. Login and Start the Application

    • After registration, log in to your MyNSFAS account.
    • Click on “Apply” to begin a new application.

  4. Fill in Your Personal Details

    • Input your ID number, name, surname, and other details exactly as they appear on your ID.
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  5. Upload Required Documents

    • Upload all supporting documents in PDF or JPEG format.
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  6. Submit Your Application

    • Review your application for accuracy.
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  7. Track Your Application

    • Log in regularly to check your application status.
    • You will be notified via SMS and email at each stage of the process.

🗓️ Important NSFAS Dates (2025)

  • Application Opening Date: September 1, 2025
  • Application Deadline: January 31, 2026
  • Appeals Period: February 2026 (if rejected)
  • Disbursement: After registration and approval

Note: Dates are subject to change; always confirm on the official NSFAS website.

💸 What Does the NSFAS Loan Cover?

NSFAS funding typically includes:

  • Tuition fees
  • Registration fees
  • Accommodation (if living away from home)
  • Meals and transport
  • Learning materials (e.g., textbooks)

For loans, repayment is only required once you start working and earn above a threshold (around R30,000 annually, but subject to change).

🔄 NSFAS Loan Repayment

Repayments are:

  • Income-contingent – you only repay when you can afford to.
  • Administered by DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training).
  • Interest-bearing, but interest rates are low and favorable.

You can also apply for a partial loan conversion to a bursary if you perform well academically.

🔁 How to Appeal a Rejected NSFAS Application

If your application is rejected, you may submit an appeal via your MyNSFAS portal:

  1. Log into your MyNSFAS account.
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  4. Upload any missing or corrected documents.
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📱 NSFAS Contact Information

📝 Final Tips Before Applying

  • Apply early to avoid system overload near the deadline.
  • Use your own email and cellphone number (do not use someone else’s).
  • Double-check that all your documents are certified and legible.
  • Keep a copy of your submission confirmation for reference.

By following this guide, you can confidently apply for NSFAS funding and move one step closer to achieving your academic and career dreams—without the burden of immediate financial pressure.

If you need a printable checklist or PDF version of this guide, let me know and I’ll create one for you.