The cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is not well understood, but it is believed to be the result of a combination of factors. Possible causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome include the following:
- Infections or other illness: Some viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have been linked to the development of CFS. CFS often, but not always, begins with a sudden infectious-like illness (fever, sore throat, aching muscles, upset stomach). Research found that several different types of infectious agents can trigger the beginning of the illness, including Lyme disease bacteria, and Q fever bacteria.
- Immune dysfunction: Several parts of the immune system are different in people with ME/CFS. Some research indicates that these abnormalities may cause the symptoms of the illness. CFS may be associated with dysfunction of the immune system, which could lead to increased inflammation and fatigue.
- Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as cortisol and thyroid hormones may contribute to the development of CFS.
- Brain abnormalities: Abnormalities show up in pictures of the brain (like MRI or CT scans), in levels of brain hormones, and in the brain’s electrical system (brain waves). These abnormalities can come and go and aren’t necessarily permanent.
- Blood pressure and pulse issues: When you stand, your blood pressure could drop and your heart might start to beat faster. You might feel faint or pass out if your blood pressure drops too low.
- Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, or depression may play a role in the development of CFS.
- Genetics: Some studies have found abnormalities in the structure of certain genes. Others point to abnormalities in the way certain genes are turned on and off inside your cells. Studies of identical and non-identical twins indicate that some people inherit a genetic likelihood of getting the illness.
- Energy production: If you have ME/CFS, the cells in your body have trouble making enough energy.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, pesticides, or pollutants may contribute to the development of CFS.
Certain factors are seen more often in people with CFS. These factors include:
- Gender. CFS happens up to 4 times more often in women than in men.
- Age. CFS commonly affects middle-aged people, but people of any age can get it.
It’s worth noting that the cause of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is still not fully understood, and research is ongoing to identify the specific factors that contribute to the development of this condition. Additionally, in many cases, the cause of CFS is multifactorial, meaning that a combination of factors are likely to contribute to the development of the condition.