Acute cholecystitis, if not given the proper medical attention can lead to a number of complications, including the following:
Perforation of the gallbladder: If the inflammation is severe, it can cause the gallbladder to rupture, which can lead to the leakage of bile and other digestive juices into the abdominal cavity. This can lead to infection and potentially life-threatening complications.
Sepsis: If the infection spreads from the gallbladder to the rest of the body, it can lead to sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition in which the body’s response to infection causes widespread inflammation and tissue damage. This can result in multiple organ failure and death.
Cholangitis: In some cases, the infection can spread from the gallbladder to the bile ducts, leading to a condition called cholangitis. This can cause fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Gangrene: If the blood supply to the gallbladder is compromised, the tissue can die, leading to gangrene. This can be a serious complication that may require surgical removal of the gallbladder.
Empyema: In some cases, the infection associated with acute cholecystitis can cause pus to collect in the gallbladder, leading to a condition called empyema. This can be a serious complication that may require surgical drainage.
Pancreatitis: The inflammation associated with acute cholecystitis can sometimes spread to the pancreas, leading to a condition called pancreatitis. This can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Peritonitis: This is an inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum; a thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs.
Biliary colic: The presence of gallstones can cause episodes of abdominal pain, known as biliary colic. This pain can be severe and is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Pulmonary embolism: This occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein, usually in the leg, and then travels to the lungs, where it can block blood flow. Pulmonary embolism can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Fistulas: If the infection spreads, it can create abnormal connections (fistulas) between the gallbladder and other organs, such as the intestines or liver.
Overall, the complications of acute cholecystitis can be serious and potentially life-threatening, and prompt medical treatment is necessary to prevent these complications from occurring.