Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur suddenly and progress quickly. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary from person to person and may involve multiple organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Some common signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath: Anaphylaxis can cause the airways to narrow, making it difficult to breathe. This can be caused by swelling in the airways or bronchospasm (a sudden contraction of the muscles around the airways).
Swelling: Anaphylaxis can cause swelling in the face, lips, tongue, or throat, which can make it difficult to speak, swallow, or breathe.
Chest pain or tightness: Anaphylaxis can cause chest pain or tightness due to swelling in the airways or fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Rapid or weak pulse: Anaphylaxis can cause a rapid or weak pulse due to a drop in blood pressure or shock.
Skin rash or hives: Anaphylaxis can cause a rash or hives on the skin. Hives are raised, red, itchy bumps that can appear anywhere on the body.
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea: Anaphylaxis can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea due to involvement of the gastrointestinal system.
Dizziness or fainting: Anaphylaxis can cause dizziness or fainting due to a drop in blood pressure or shock.
Confusion or anxiety: Anaphylaxis can cause confusion or anxiety due to the body’s stress response and the release of adrenaline.
Loss of consciousness: In severe cases, anaphylaxis can cause loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood pressure or shock.
If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek immediate medical attention or going to the nearest emergency department. Anaphylaxis can be treated with medications such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and antihistamines, which can help to reverse the symptoms. It is important to follow the treatment plan provided by your healthcare provider to prevent future anaphylaxis reactions.