The prostate gland is located beneath your bladder. The tube that transports urine from the bladder out of your penis (urethra) passes through the center of the prostate. When the prostate enlarges, it begins to block urine flow. Most men have continued prostate growth throughout life. In many men, this continued growth enlarges the prostate enough to cause urinary symptoms or to significantly block urine flow. It isn’t entirely clear what causes the prostate to enlarge. However, it might be due to changes in the balance of sex hormones as men grow older. The suggested causes are discussed below:
Hormonal changes: As men age, their bodies produce less testosterone and more estrogen. This change in hormone balance can lead to the development of BPH. Testosterone is converted to another hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate gland. DHT can stimulate the prostate gland to grow, which can lead to BPH.
Genetics: BPH may be inherited, meaning it can be passed down from one generation to the next. Studies have shown that men with a family history of BPH are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
Diet: Some research suggests that a diet high in animal fat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of BPH. In contrast, a diet rich in plant-based foods may reduce the risk of BPH.
Environmental exposures: Certain environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, may increase the risk of BPH. For example, men who work in certain industries, such as the rubber or plastics industry, may have a higher risk of BPH due to exposure to certain chemicals.
Other factors: There are other factors that may contribute to the development of BPH, including obesity, high blood pressure, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors may increase the risk of BPH or make the condition worse. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and address any underlying health conditions to reduce the risk of BPH and other health problems.
Risk factors
Risk factors for prostate gland enlargement include:
Aging. Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and symptoms in men younger than age 40. About one-third of men experience moderate to severe symptoms by age 60, and about half do so by age 80.
Family history. Having a blood relative, such as a father or a brother, with prostate problems means you’re more likely to have problems.
Diabetes and heart disease. Studies show that diabetes, as well as heart disease and use of beta blockers, might increase the risk of BPH.
Lifestyle. Obesity increases the risk of BPH, while exercise can lower your risk.