The goals of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis are to reduce inflammation, improve mobility and flexibility, and relieve pain. There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, but with appropriate treatment, most people with the condition can lead active and productive lives.
Treatment options for ankylosing spondylitis may include:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can help reduce inflammation and pain. Examples include ibuprofen and naproxen.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): DMARDs are a class of medications that can help slow the progression of ankylosing spondylitis and improve symptoms. Examples include methotrexate and sulfasalazine.
Biologics: Biologics are a newer class of medications that work by targeting specific proteins involved in the inflammation process. They are typically used in more severe cases of ankylosing spondylitis that do not respond to other treatments. Examples include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors such as etanercept and infliximab.
Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility, flexibility, and strength, and may include exercises to improve posture and reduce pain. Types of physiotherapy recommended for AS include:
- a group exercise programme – where you exercise with others
- an individual exercise programme – you are given exercises to do by yourself
- massage – your muscles and other soft tissues are manipulated to relieve pain and improve movement; the bones of the spine should never be manipulated as this can cause injury in people with AS
- hydrotherapy – exercise in water, usually a warm, shallow swimming pool or a special hydrotherapy bath; the buoyancy of the water helps make movement easier by supporting you, and the warmth can relax your muscles
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help people with ankylosing spondylitis learn new ways to perform daily activities that may be difficult due to the condition.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged joints or to correct deformities caused by ankylosing spondylitis.
Maintaining of proper posture
It’s important to work closely with a healthcare team to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your individual needs. The treatment plan may need to be adjusted over time as the condition progresses and your symptoms change.