Overview

Vulval cancer is a rare type of cancer that affects the vulva, which is the external part of the female reproductive system. It usually starts in the cells of the skin covering the vulva and can develop into a tumor. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of vulval cancer.

Causes

The exact cause of vulval cancer is unknown, but several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing this type of cancer. These risk factors include:

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Smoking
• Age (most commonly affects women over 60)
• Weakened immune system

Symptoms

The symptoms of vulval cancer may include:

• Persistent itching, pain, or tenderness in the vulva
• A lump or swelling in the vulva
• Bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation
• Changes in the color or thickness of the skin of the vulva

Treatment

The treatment options for vulval cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, its location, and the individual’s overall health.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent vulval cancer, but reducing the risk factors can help lower the chances of developing this type of cancer. This includes practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection and quitting smoking.

FAQ

1. What are the risk factors for developing vulval cancer?

Some common risk factors for vulval cancer include HPV infection, smoking, age, and a weakened immune system.

2. How is vulval cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosis of vulval cancer often involves a physical examination, a biopsy of the affected area, imaging tests, and sometimes a pelvic exam.

3. What are the treatment options for vulval cancer?

Treatment for vulval cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

4. Can vulval cancer be cured?

The prognosis of vulval cancer depends on various factors, including the stage at which it is detected. Early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a cure.

5. Are there any lifestyle changes that can help prevent vulval cancer?

Avoiding risk factors such as smoking and practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection can help lower the chances of developing vulval cancer.

6. What are the symptoms of vulval cancer?

Symptoms of vulval cancer may include persistent itching, pain, or tenderness in the vulva, a lump or swelling, abnormal bleeding, or changes in skin color or thickness.

7. Is vulval cancer hereditary?

There is no evidence to suggest that vulval cancer is hereditary, but certain genetic factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer.

8. Can HPV vaccination prevent vulval cancer?

HPV vaccination can protect against certain strains of the virus that are linked to vulval cancer, reducing the risk of developing this type of cancer.

9. How common is vulval cancer?

Vulval cancer is relatively rare compared to other types of cancers, but it can be a serious condition if not detected and treated early.

10. What should I do if I notice symptoms of vulval cancer?

If you experience symptoms of vulval cancer, such as persistent itching or a lump in the vulva, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.