But scientists have found that the disease (eye cancer) is linked with certain inherited conditions, such as dysplastic nevus syndrome, oculodermal melanocytosis, and BAP1 cancer syndrome among others, which may increase a person’s risk.
A great deal of research is being done to learn more about the causes. Eye cancer (ocular cancer), can occur in different parts of the eye, including the iris, retina, conjunctiva, and other structures. The exact causes of eye cancer are not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified.
Some factors that may increase the risk of eye cancer include:
- Age: Eye cancer is more common in older adults, particularly those over the age of 50.
- Genetics: Some inherited genetic mutations can increase the risk of eye cancer, such as mutations in the RB1 gene that can lead to retinoblastoma.
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds, may increase the risk of eye cancer.
- Exposure to radiation: Radiation therapy for other types of cancer or exposure to radioactive materials can increase the risk of developing eye cancer.
- Certain medical conditions: People with certain medical conditions, such as neurofibromatosis or Li-Fraumeni syndrome, may have an increased risk of developing eye cancer.
- Eye area moles or freckles: People with different types of moles or freckles on the skin or in the eye may be more likely to develop eye cancer.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to chemicals, such as those found in certain pesticides, may also increase the risk of eye cancer.
- Smoking: Although not a direct cause of eye cancer, smoking has been associated with an increased risk of some types of eye cancer, such as uveal melanoma.
It’s important to note that having one or more risk factors doesn’t necessarily mean a person will develop eye cancer. Conversely, some people with eye cancer may not have any known risk factors. Regular eye exams and early detection can help improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery.