Carcinoid syndrome can be difficult to diagnose, as the symptoms can be caused by a variety of other conditions. However, there are several tests that can be used to detect the syndrome, including:
- Physical exam and medical history. Many carcinoid syndrome symptoms are similar to other less serious illnesses. Your healthcare provider will ask questions about specific symptoms, how long you’ve had the symptoms and if your symptoms are getting worse.
- Blood tests: Elevated levels of serotonin and other substances released by carcinoid tumors can be detected in the blood.
- Urine tests: Elevated levels of certain substances, such as 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), can be detected in the urine.
- Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI, and PET scans can be used to detect the presence of tumors in the body.
- Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from the tumor and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor.
- Endoscopic ultrasound: This is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. It can be used to locate small tumors that are not visible on other imaging tests.
- Bronchoscopy: This is an examination of the inside of the airways using a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end. It is used to diagnose carcinoid tumors in the lungs.
It’s important to note that a definitive diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome can only be made once a carcinoid tumor has been identified and the typical symptoms are present.