The exact cause of anorexia nervosa is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors may play a role. These are discussed below:
Genetic factors: Although it’s not yet clear which genes are involved, there may be genetic changes that make some people at higher risk of developing anorexia. Some people may have a genetic tendency toward perfectionism, sensitivity and perseverance. Research suggests that anorexia nervosa may be inherited, as individuals with a family history of eating disorders or other mental health conditions may be at higher risk of developing anorexia.
Environmental factors: Some research suggests that cultural and societal pressures to be thin may contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. Modern Western culture emphasizes thinness. Success and worth are often equated with being thin. Peer pressure may help fuel the desire to be thin, particularly among young girls. In addition, traumatic life events or stressful situations may increase the risk of developing an eating disorder.
Psychological factors: People with anorexia nervosa may have underlying issues with anxiety, perfectionism, or low self-esteem, which may contribute to the development of the disorder. In addition, certain personality traits, such as a need for control or a tendency towards obsessive behavior, may increase the risk of developing anorexia nervosa.
You may also be at risk if you take part in certain sports and activities that focus on body shape and size. These may include:
- Ballet
- Bodybuilding
- Cheerleading
- Figure skating
- Gymnastics
- Jockeying
- Modeling
- Wrestling
It’s important to note that the cause of anorexia nervosa is likely a combination of these factors and may be different for each individual. If you or someone you know is struggling with anorexia nervosa, it is important to seek professional help from a mental health provider or treatment center.