The best treatment options for anaphylaxis include:
Epinephrine: Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a medication that is used to treat anaphylaxis. It is usually given as an injection through a device called an epinephrine auto-injector, which is easy to use and can be carried with you at all times. Epinephrine works by constricting blood vessels, which helps to increase blood pressure and improve breathing. It also works to reduce swelling in the airways and other tissues.
Antihistamines: Antihistamines are medications that block the effects of histamine, a chemical that is released during an allergic reaction. Antihistamines can be taken orally or injected, and they can help to reduce symptoms such as itching, hives, and swelling.
Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are medications that can help to reduce inflammation and swelling. They may be given orally or intravenously (through a vein) to treat anaphylaxis.
Oxygen therapy: Oxygen therapy may be used to help improve breathing in people with anaphylaxis. This may involve using a face mask or a device called a non-rebreather mask, which delivers a high concentration of oxygen.
Intravenous fluids: Intravenous fluids may be given to help increase blood pressure and prevent shock in people with anaphylaxis.
Tips for reducing the risk of anaphylaxis:
1. Know your trigger. If you’ve had anaphylaxis, it’s very important to know what triggered the reaction. An allergist can review your medical history and, if necessary, conduct diagnostic tests.
2. Avoid your trigger. Avoidance is the most effective way to prevent anaphylaxis. An allergist can work with you to develop specific avoidance measures tailored specifically for your age, activities, occupation, hobbies, home environment and access to medical care.
3. Be prepared. Prompt recognition of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis is critical. If you unexpectedly come into contact with your trigger, you should immediately follow the emergency plan outlined by your doctor including the self-administration of epinephrine. If there is any doubt about the reaction, it is generally better to administer the epinephrine. Be sure to keep your epinephrine auto-injector up to date. If an expired auto-injector is the only one available in an emergency situation, administer it promptly anyway. Teachers and other caregivers should be informed of children who are at risk for anaphylaxis and know what to do in an allergic emergency.
4. Seek treatment. If a severe reaction does occur and epinephrine is administered, you should be transported to the nearest emergency facility by ambulance for additional monitoring.
Tell family and friends. Family and friends should be aware of your condition, your triggers and know how to recognize anaphylactic symptoms. If you carry epinephrine, alert them to where you keep it and how to use it.
5. Wear identification. Wear and/or carry identification or jewelry (bracelet or necklace) noting condition and offending allergens.
6. See a specialist. Allergists are specially trained to help you take control of your symptoms, conduct diagnostic tests and review treatment options so you can live the life you want.
REMEMBER:
It is important to follow the treatment plan provided by your healthcare provider to prevent future anaphylaxis reactions. This may involve avoiding triggers, such as certain foods or medications, and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector with you at all times. It is also important to seek medical attention immediately if you or someone you know is experiencing any of the signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis.