Non Hodgkin lymphoma

By | February 25, 2025

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. It is the most common type of lymphoma, accounting for about 90% of all cases. NHL affects the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and can occur in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and other organs.

Causes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

The exact cause of NHL is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including:

  • Age: NHL is more common in older adults
  • Immune system disorders
  • Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation
  • Family history of lymphoma

Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

The symptoms of NHL can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer, but common signs may include:

  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Fever
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Fatigue

Treatment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Treatment for NHL will depend on the type and stage of the cancer, but may include:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Stem cell transplant

FAQs about Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

1. What is the difference between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Both types of lymphoma affect the lymphatic system but differ in the type of lymphocyte involved and the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma.

2. Is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma hereditary?

While a family history of lymphoma can increase the risk, NHL is not considered directly hereditary.

3. Can Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma be prevented?

There is no known way to prevent NHL, but avoiding known risk factors such as exposure to chemicals may lower the risk.

4. How is NHL diagnosed?

Diagnosis of NHL involves a physical exam, imaging tests, blood tests, and possibly a biopsy of a lymph node or other affected tissue.

5. What are the survival rates for NHL?

Survival rates for NHL vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer, but overall, the prognosis is improving with advances in treatment.

6. Can NHL recur after treatment?

Yes, NHL can recur after treatment, and regular follow-up care is important to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

7. Are there any long-term side effects of NHL treatment?

Some treatments for NHL, such as chemotherapy and radiation, may have long-term side effects, including an increased risk of other cancers.

8. Can lifestyle changes help in managing NHL?

While lifestyle changes cannot cure NHL, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking may help improve overall health and well-being.

9. Is there ongoing research for new treatments for NHL?

Yes, research is ongoing to develop new therapies for NHL, including targeted drugs and immunotherapy approaches.

10. How can I support a loved one with NHL?

Offering emotional support, helping with practical needs, and being a good listener can all make a difference in supporting a loved one through their NHL diagnosis and treatment.


Sponsored Content


Complete Guide to NSFAS Online Loan Application for South African Students (2025)

If you are a South African student looking to pursue higher education but are facing financial difficulties, the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is one of the most accessible funding options available. NSFAS provides financial aid in the form of bursaries and loans to qualifying students at public universities and TVET colleges in South Africa.

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the NSFAS loan application process, from eligibility requirements to application steps and frequently asked questions.


📌 What is NSFAS?

The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a government-funded financial aid scheme aimed at helping students from low- and middle-income households to access tertiary education without the burden of upfront fees.

NSFAS offers both bursaries and income-contingent loans:

  • Bursaries: For eligible students who meet academic and household income criteria (especially for TVET and university students).
  • Loans: For students who do not meet all bursary criteria or who are pursuing postgraduate qualifications not funded under bursary schemes.

✅ Who Qualifies for an NSFAS Loan?

To qualify for an NSFAS loan (especially for postgraduate students or programs not funded under the bursary system), you must:

  • Be a South African citizen.
  • Be financially needy, with a household income of less than R350,000 per year.
  • Have a valid South African ID.
  • Be enrolled or accepted to study at a public university or TVET college.
  • Not be funded through another bursary program that covers all expenses.
  • Maintain satisfactory academic progress (returning students).

📚 Courses Funded by NSFAS

NSFAS primarily funds undergraduate qualifications, but certain postgraduate programs (e.g., PGCE, postgraduate diplomas in education, and professional courses like LLB) may be considered under the NSFAS loan scheme, not bursaries.

If you’re studying:

  • Undergraduate degree or diploma: You are likely eligible for a full NSFAS bursary.
  • Postgraduate study: You may qualify for a loan, depending on the course and funding availability.

📄 Required Documents for NSFAS Application

When applying, make sure you have the following documents scanned and ready:

  1. Certified copy of your South African ID or Smart Card.
  2. Parent(s) or guardian(s) ID documents.
  3. Proof of income (latest payslips, UIF, or affidavit if unemployed).
  4. Consent Form signed by your parent(s)/guardian(s) to allow NSFAS to verify income.
  5. Proof of registration or acceptance at a public institution.
  6. Academic transcripts (for continuing or postgraduate students).

🖥️ How to Apply for an NSFAS Loan Online

Step-by-Step NSFAS Online Application Process (2025)

  1. Visit the NSFAS Website

    Go to: https://www.nsfas.org.za

  2. Create an Account

    • Click on “MyNSFAS” and register your profile.
    • You’ll need a valid email address and South African cellphone number.
    • Choose a strong password and verify your account via email or SMS.
  3. Login and Start the Application

    • After registration, log in to your MyNSFAS account.
    • Click on “Apply” to begin a new application.
  4. Fill in Your Personal Details

    • Input your ID number, name, surname, and other details exactly as they appear on your ID.
    • Provide household income information and living arrangements.
  5. Upload Required Documents

    • Upload all supporting documents in PDF or JPEG format.
    • Each document must be clear and under the size limit specified.
  6. Submit Your Application

    • Review your application for accuracy.
    • Click “Submit” and wait for a confirmation message.
  7. Track Your Application

    • Log in regularly to check your application status.
    • You will be notified via SMS and email at each stage of the process.

🗓️ Important NSFAS Dates (2025)

  • Application Opening Date: September 1, 2025
  • Application Deadline: January 31, 2026
  • Appeals Period: February 2026 (if rejected)
  • Disbursement: After registration and approval

Note: Dates are subject to change; always confirm on the official NSFAS website.


💸 What Does the NSFAS Loan Cover?

NSFAS funding typically includes:

  • Tuition fees
  • Registration fees
  • Accommodation (if living away from home)
  • Meals and transport
  • Learning materials (e.g., textbooks)

For loans, repayment is only required once you start working and earn above a threshold (around R30,000 annually, but subject to change).


🔄 NSFAS Loan Repayment

Repayments are:

  • Income-contingent – you only repay when you can afford to.
  • Administered by DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training).
  • Interest-bearing, but interest rates are low and favorable.

You can also apply for a partial loan conversion to a bursary if you perform well academically.


🔁 How to Appeal a Rejected NSFAS Application

If your application is rejected, you may submit an appeal via your MyNSFAS portal:

  1. Log into your MyNSFAS account.
  2. Click on “Track Funding Progress”.
  3. If rejected, click on “Submit Appeal”.
  4. Upload any missing or corrected documents.
  5. Provide a clear explanation or motivation.

📱 NSFAS Contact Information


📝 Final Tips Before Applying

  • Apply early to avoid system overload near the deadline.
  • Use your own email and cellphone number (do not use someone else’s).
  • Double-check that all your documents are certified and legible.
  • Keep a copy of your submission confirmation for reference.

By following this guide, you can confidently apply for NSFAS funding and move one step closer to achieving your academic and career dreams—without the burden of immediate financial pressure.

If you need a printable checklist or PDF version of this guide, let me know and I’ll create one for you.