Hiatus hernia

By | February 21, 2025

Hiatus Hernia

What is Hiatus Hernia?

A hiatus hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest. This condition can cause symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing.

Types of Hiatus Hernia

1. Sliding Hiatus Hernia

In a sliding hiatus hernia, the stomach and the section of the esophagus that joins the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus (a small opening in the diaphragm).

2. Paraesophageal Hiatus Hernia

In a paraesophageal hiatus hernia, a portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm next to the esophagus and remains in the chest cavity. This type of hernia can lead to complications such as strangulation of the stomach.

Causes of Hiatus Hernia

  • Weakening of the diaphragm muscles
  • Age-related changes in the diaphragm
  • Injury to the area
  • Obesity

Symptoms of Hiatus Hernia

  • Heartburn
  • Chest pain
  • Regurgitation of food or fluids
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Belching

Treatment of Hiatus Hernia

Treatment options for hiatus hernia may include medications to reduce stomach acid, lifestyle changes such as weight loss and avoiding trigger foods, and in severe cases, surgery to repair the hernia.

Prevention of Hiatus Hernia

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Avoid overeating
  • Avoid lying down immediately after eating
  • Avoid tight clothing around the abdomen

FAQs about Hiatus Hernia

1. What causes a hiatus hernia?

A hiatus hernia is commonly caused by weakening of the diaphragm muscles or age-related changes in the diaphragm that allow the stomach to protrude into the chest cavity.

2. How is hiatus hernia diagnosed?

Hiatus hernia can be diagnosed through imaging tests such as an upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, endoscopy, or pH monitoring.

3. Can hiatus hernia be treated without surgery?

Yes, hiatus hernia can be managed with medications to reduce acid reflux and lifestyle changes to avoid triggers such as fatty foods and caffeine.

4. Is hiatus hernia a serious condition?

While hiatus hernia can cause uncomfortable symptoms, it is not usually considered a serious condition unless complications such as bleeding or strangulation occur.

5. Can hiatus hernia be prevented?

Healthy lifestyle choices such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding overeating, and not lying down immediately after eating can help prevent hiatus hernia.

6. What are the dietary recommendations for hiatus hernia?

People with hiatus hernia are often advised to avoid trigger foods such as spicy foods, citrus fruits, chocolate, and caffeinated beverages.

7. Can hiatus hernia lead to complications?

In some cases, hiatus hernia can lead to complications such as Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal ulcers, or gastrointestinal bleeding.

8. Is surgery the only option for repairing a hiatus hernia?

In mild cases, hiatus hernia can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications, but in severe cases or when complications arise, surgery may be necessary to repair the hernia.

9. Can hiatus hernia cause breathing difficulties?

In rare cases, a large hiatus hernia can compress the lungs and lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain, which may require medical attention.

10. Can hiatus hernia recur after surgery?

While recurrence of hiatus hernia after surgery is possible, following post-operative care instructions and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent this from happening.


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Complete Guide to NSFAS Online Loan Application for South African Students (2025)

If you are a South African student looking to pursue higher education but are facing financial difficulties, the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is one of the most accessible funding options available. NSFAS provides financial aid in the form of bursaries and loans to qualifying students at public universities and TVET colleges in South Africa.

This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the NSFAS loan application process, from eligibility requirements to application steps and frequently asked questions.


📌 What is NSFAS?

The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a government-funded financial aid scheme aimed at helping students from low- and middle-income households to access tertiary education without the burden of upfront fees.

NSFAS offers both bursaries and income-contingent loans:

  • Bursaries: For eligible students who meet academic and household income criteria (especially for TVET and university students).
  • Loans: For students who do not meet all bursary criteria or who are pursuing postgraduate qualifications not funded under bursary schemes.

✅ Who Qualifies for an NSFAS Loan?

To qualify for an NSFAS loan (especially for postgraduate students or programs not funded under the bursary system), you must:

  • Be a South African citizen.
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📚 Courses Funded by NSFAS

NSFAS primarily funds undergraduate qualifications, but certain postgraduate programs (e.g., PGCE, postgraduate diplomas in education, and professional courses like LLB) may be considered under the NSFAS loan scheme, not bursaries.

If you’re studying:

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📄 Required Documents for NSFAS Application

When applying, make sure you have the following documents scanned and ready:

  1. Certified copy of your South African ID or Smart Card.
  2. Parent(s) or guardian(s) ID documents.
  3. Proof of income (latest payslips, UIF, or affidavit if unemployed).
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  5. Proof of registration or acceptance at a public institution.
  6. Academic transcripts (for continuing or postgraduate students).

🖥️ How to Apply for an NSFAS Loan Online

Step-by-Step NSFAS Online Application Process (2025)

  1. Visit the NSFAS Website

    Go to: https://www.nsfas.org.za

  2. Create an Account

    • Click on “MyNSFAS” and register your profile.
    • You’ll need a valid email address and South African cellphone number.
    • Choose a strong password and verify your account via email or SMS.
  3. Login and Start the Application

    • After registration, log in to your MyNSFAS account.
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  4. Fill in Your Personal Details

    • Input your ID number, name, surname, and other details exactly as they appear on your ID.
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    • Log in regularly to check your application status.
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🗓️ Important NSFAS Dates (2025)

  • Application Opening Date: September 1, 2025
  • Application Deadline: January 31, 2026
  • Appeals Period: February 2026 (if rejected)
  • Disbursement: After registration and approval

Note: Dates are subject to change; always confirm on the official NSFAS website.


💸 What Does the NSFAS Loan Cover?

NSFAS funding typically includes:

  • Tuition fees
  • Registration fees
  • Accommodation (if living away from home)
  • Meals and transport
  • Learning materials (e.g., textbooks)

For loans, repayment is only required once you start working and earn above a threshold (around R30,000 annually, but subject to change).


🔄 NSFAS Loan Repayment

Repayments are:

  • Income-contingent – you only repay when you can afford to.
  • Administered by DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training).
  • Interest-bearing, but interest rates are low and favorable.

You can also apply for a partial loan conversion to a bursary if you perform well academically.


🔁 How to Appeal a Rejected NSFAS Application

If your application is rejected, you may submit an appeal via your MyNSFAS portal:

  1. Log into your MyNSFAS account.
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📱 NSFAS Contact Information


📝 Final Tips Before Applying

  • Apply early to avoid system overload near the deadline.
  • Use your own email and cellphone number (do not use someone else’s).
  • Double-check that all your documents are certified and legible.
  • Keep a copy of your submission confirmation for reference.

By following this guide, you can confidently apply for NSFAS funding and move one step closer to achieving your academic and career dreams—without the burden of immediate financial pressure.

If you need a printable checklist or PDF version of this guide, let me know and I’ll create one for you.