Glandular fever

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Glandular Fever: Everything You Need to Know

1. Overview

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis or mono, is a viral infection typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is characterized by symptoms such as extreme fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fever. While glandular fever can affect individuals of all ages, it is most common in teenagers and young adults.

In the United States, glandular fever is considered a common illness, with around 95% of adults being exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus by the age of 40.

2. Symptoms

Common symptoms of glandular fever include:

  • Extreme fatigue
  • Sore throat
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Fever

Less common symptoms may include:

  • Headaches
  • Muscle aches
  • Loss of appetite
  • Skin rash

Symptoms of glandular fever typically progress over a few weeks, with the initial phase marked by flu-like symptoms and fatigue.

3. Causes & Risk Factors

Glandular fever is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is highly contagious and can be spread through saliva. Factors that may increase the risk of developing glandular fever include:

  • Age (teenagers and young adults)
  • Gender (more common in females)
  • Family history of glandular fever
  • Weakened immune system

4. Diagnosis

Diagnosis of glandular fever is usually based on symptoms and confirmed through blood tests that detect the presence of specific antibodies. Primary care doctors can often diagnose and treat glandular fever, but in severe cases or complications, specialists like infectious disease physicians may be involved.

5. Treatment Options

Treatment for glandular fever typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and managing stress can also help in recovery.

6. Prevention

Prevention of glandular fever involves practicing good hygiene, avoiding sharing utensils or drinks, and getting vaccinated if available. Lifestyle adjustments such as getting adequate rest and reducing stress can also help prevent glandular fever.

7. Complications & When to See a Doctor

Severe complications of glandular fever are rare but can include spleen enlargement, hepatitis, and neurological complications. If experiencing severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, severe abdominal pain, or neurological changes, it is important to seek urgent medical care.

8. Living with the Condition

Managing glandular fever involves getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and eating a balanced diet. Support groups and resources for individuals with glandular fever are available in the U.S. for emotional and practical support. Workplace accommodations may be necessary during the recovery period.

9. FAQs

1. Can glandular fever be transmitted through kissing?

Yes, glandular fever can be spread through close contact like kissing or sharing utensils.

2. How long does glandular fever last?

Most symptoms of glandular fever improve within a few weeks, but fatigue and weakness may persist for several months.

3. Is there a vaccine for glandular fever?

Currently, there is no vaccine available for glandular fever, but research is ongoing.

4. Can I go back to school or work with glandular fever?

It is recommended to rest and avoid close contact with others until symptoms improve to prevent the spread of the virus.

5. Can glandular fever recur?

Glandular fever is typically a one-time infection, but the virus can remain dormant in the body and reactivate in some cases.

10. Sources & References

For more information on glandular fever, please refer to reputable sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mayo Clinic, WebMD, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).