Degenerative cervical myelopathy

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Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Overview

Degenerative cervical myelopathy, also known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy, is a condition that occurs when the spinal cord in the neck becomes compressed due to degenerative changes in the cervical spine. This compression can lead to a wide range of neurological symptoms that can impact a person’s quality of life. While exact prevalence rates may vary, studies suggest that degenerative cervical myelopathy is a common condition, particularly in older adults.

2. Symptoms

  • Common symptoms: Neck pain, numbness or weakness in the arms or legs, coordination difficulties, difficulty walking, and problems with balance.
  • Less common symptoms: Bladder or bowel dysfunction, muscle spasticity, and loss of fine motor skills.
  • Progression of symptoms: Symptoms of degenerative cervical myelopathy often progress slowly over time, with more severe symptoms developing as the condition worsens.
  • Early warning signs: Early signs may include neck stiffness, loss of coordination, or difficulty with fine motor tasks.

3. Causes & Risk Factors

Degenerative cervical myelopathy is typically caused by age-related changes in the spine, such as herniated discs, bone spurs, and thickening of ligaments. Risk factors for the condition include older age, gender (more common in men), family history of spine problems, poor diet, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.

4. Diagnosis

  • Common diagnostic tests: Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans, neurological exams, and possibly electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function.
  • Primary care vs. specialists: Primary care doctors may refer patients to neurologists or orthopedic specialists for further evaluation and treatment.

5. Treatment Options

Treatment options for degenerative cervical myelopathy may include medications for pain and inflammation, physical therapy, surgical procedures to decompress the spinal cord, and lifestyle modifications such as exercise and stress management.

6. Prevention

Preventive measures for degenerative cervical myelopathy include staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and practicing good posture. Regular screenings for spine health may also be beneficial.

7. Complications & When to See a Doctor

Complications of untreated degenerative cervical myelopathy can include permanent nerve damage, paralysis, and loss of bladder or bowel control. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, or new symptoms develop rapidly.

8. Living with the Condition

Managing degenerative cervical myelopathy may involve daily physical therapy exercises, ergonomic adjustments at home or work, and participating in support groups for emotional support and information sharing. Legal considerations related to disability benefits or workplace accommodations should also be explored.

9. FAQs

  • Is degenerative cervical myelopathy curable? While degenerative changes in the spine cannot be reversed, treatment options can help manage symptoms and prevent progression of the condition.
  • Can exercise help with degenerative cervical myelopathy? Yes, regular exercise and physical therapy can improve strength, flexibility, and overall function in individuals with the condition.
  • Are there alternative treatments for degenerative cervical myelopathy? Some people may benefit from complementary therapies such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, or herbal remedies, although results may vary.
  • Can degenerative cervical myelopathy lead to paralysis? In severe cases, untreated degenerative cervical myelopathy can result in paralysis or loss of mobility, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.
  • Is surgery always necessary for degenerative cervical myelopathy? Surgery may be recommended for severe cases of degenerative cervical myelopathy, but less invasive treatments may be effective for some individuals.

10. Sources & References

For more information on degenerative cervical myelopathy, please refer to reputable sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mayo Clinic, WebMD, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).